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Tout d'abord, cet album a eu une genèse chaotique, en effet l’opus a bien faillit ne jamais voir le jour à cause de problèmes internes. Le groupe ayant été à deux doigts de se séparer plus d’une fois durant les quatre années qui séparent Evil Empire du premier effort. La principale raison étant le problème que Zack De La Rocha éprouve à être signé chez une grosse major, ce qui va à l’encontre de ses principes, même si d’un autre côté le fait de dénoncer la machine de l’intérieur et à grande échelle le séduit. Ainsi les premières sessions d’enregistrement terminées le groupe décide de tout jeter et d’en finir pour un moment avec le groupe, pour ensuite revenir sur leur décision et retravailler ensemble. Mais voilà Zack est parti dans un fort au Chipas aider l’armée Zapatiste à défendre les droits des paysans mexicains, ce qui se fera beaucoup ressentir dans ses textes. C’est donc dans cette ambiance orageuse que le groupe décide enfin de mettre toutes leurs rages et leurs querelles au service de la musique, pour donner jour à onze morceaux vifs et criants de colère. C’est dans cette ambiance tendue tant au niveau du groupe, qu’au niveau d’un public gavé par le début de la vague "néo" et dénonciateur du méchant groupe signé sur une major, qu’arrive cet album.

Déjà la pochette de l’album, comme pour le premier album, intrigue : quel est donc cet "evil empire" et qui est donc ce personnage sur la pochette ? Le titre de l’album est en fait  un propos de Reagan à propos de l’URSS, que le groupe va retourner contre les USA, car selon une doctrine à laquelle le groupe adhère, ils sont l’état le plus terroriste au monde pour bien des raisons. Ensuite le personnage de l’artwork est Ari Meisel, étudiant à l’école internationale des Nations Unies de New York, posant en parfait soldat de l’empire du mal pour sauver les USA, le dessin est dérivé d’un personnage du Comics Crimebuster. Le groupe dénonce par là le rêve américain, qui fait croire, à tort, au peuple qu’eux aussi seront un jour des héros. Le livret lui aussi est très significatif de leur pensée, avec une liste de livres que le groupe conseille. RATM est là pour faire de la musique mais aussi pour faire passer un message et ouvrir les yeux à leurs fans.

Ave cet album d’entrée de jeu on sent un son plus brut, qui sera la principale critique à l’époque, mais qui confère à l’album une énergie hors du commun. Evil Empire commence donc très fort par ces paroles très significatives "Yeah, we better turn tha bass up on this one". Le ton est donc donné avec l’intro de "People Of The Sun" et son riff de guitare plutôt inhabituel fait avec une clé Allen, ainsi que ses paroles lourdes de sens qui racontent l’histoire du peuple d’Amérique Latine, le peuple du soleil. La seconde et mythique piste, "Bull’s On Parade", et son fameux solo de guitare façon scratch de DJ, commence par un "Come wit' it now. It's not 'quit it now', for goodness sake" incendiaire. La chanson quasi parfaite montre tout ce que sait faire de mieux le groupe, tout y est, le chant mi-rappé mi-hurlé, la rythmique funky et lourde, ainsi qu’une guitare imaginative et enchantée. Le titre suivant "Vietnow" met d’ailleurs en avant cette rythmique, avec la basse lourde de Tim Bob, ainsi que la batterie survoltée et jazzy à la fois de Brad Wilk. Sur le titre "Revolver" nous nous rendons vraiment compte qu’un des atouts majeurs du groupe est cette guitare, si particulière qu’elle en vient à ne plus ressembler à une guitare. Zack De La Rocha, en parfait maître de cérémonie, entraine le groupe dans des courses-poursuites avec les autres instruments, comme c’est le cas avec "Tire Me" ou bien "Roll Right". Mais le groupe sait aussi se faire plus posé et pesant, avec des morceaux comme "Down Rodeo" et "Whithout A Face", faisant d'autres fois preuve d’un sens du groove particulièrement prenant, comme sur "Snake Charmer". Les sons de guitares ingénieux et improbables arrivent à leur comble en fin d’album avec le titre "Year Of Tha Boomerang" et un son proche d’une cornemuse (précisant à cet effet comme sur l’éponyme que "all sounds made by guitar, bass, drums, and vocals"). De nouveau Tom Morello armé de sa pédale Whammy nous sort des sons étranges qui accompagnent des solos enchanteurs et des riffs heavy. Tout cela contrebalancé par un flow absolument impeccable de Zack, comme à son habitude. Tous les musiciens sur ce disque sont mis en avant et offrent le meilleur de ce qu’ils savent faire. Malgré une conception houleuse le groupe montre qu’ils sont plus que jamais en fusion dans leur musique et dans un message politique aussi clair qu’explicite.

C’est donc onze titres, onze bombes incendiaires lancées à la face du monde, onze "pavés dans la mare", et tout simplement encore onze excellents morceaux que nous sert Rage Against The Machine. Cinq singles seront d’ailleurs tirés de cet album, ce qui est quand même relativement rare à l’époque et qui montre tout de même les qualités de ce disque. Souvent décrié, cet album reste malgré tout un disque exceptionnel.

Avec cet opus les RATM nous offrent un nouveau chapitre à leur pamphlet révolutionnaire entamé avec leur album éponyme. Evil Empire est un album décrié à sa sortie à cause de la montée du néo-métal, ainsi que de leur signature chez une major, chez qui ils sortent un second opus. Ils sont à cette époque, encore plus que pour leur premier opus, traités de vendus. Evil Empire fut donc sous-estimé à sa sortie pour ces multiples raisons, mais bien entendu pas pour très longtemps. Ainsi, même bien des années plus tard il reste un album majeur du rock des années 90, un disque urgent, violent et empreint d’une colère révolutionnaire qui résonne encore aujourd’hui. Malgré des conflits de personnalités internes RATM a su avec cet album mettre à profit ses tensions. C’est donc ainsi que le groupe a découvert qu’ils ne pourraient jamais cesser de jouer ensemble, cela malgré les disputes ou les pauses comme nous le prouvera la suite de leur carrière.

Toutes les paroles sont lourdes de sens, documentées et riches en réflexion. Cela n’étant pas possible de tout mettre dans une chronique, je vous invite à lire les commentaires où les livres du livret y sont listés, ainsi que le sens des paroles de chaque chanson de l’album. Vous pouvez d'ailleurs trouver d'autres informations sur le groupe ici.

.: Tracklist :.

01. People Of The Sun
02. Bulls On Parade
03. Vietnow
04. Revolver
05. Snakecharmer
06. Tire Me
07. Down Rodeo
08. Without A Face
09. Wind Below
10. Roll Right
11. Year Of Tha Boomerang

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Posté par Peter 09-05-2008,   Liste complète des livres dans le livret Live From Death Row: Mumia Abu-Jamal - Joe Hill: Gibbs M. Smith - The  Mau Mau War Perspective: Frank Ferudi - The Aesthetic Dimension,  Toward a Critique of Marxist Aesthetics: Herbert Marcuse - The Fire  Last Time, 1968 and After: Chris Harman - The Media Monopoly: Ben H.  Bagdikian - 50 Ways To Fight Censorship: Dave Marsh - Hegemony and  Revolution: A Study of Antonio Geamsci's Political & Cultural Theory:  Walter L. Adamson - The Mismeasure of Man: Stephen Gould - Che  Guevera, A New Society, Reflections for Today's World: David  Deutschman, Editor - The Marx-Engels Reader, 2nd ed.: Robert C.  Tucker, Editor - What Uncle Sam Really Wants: Noam Chomsky - Amazing  Grace, The Lives of Children and the Conscience of a Nation:  Jonathan Kozol - Marxism and the New Imperialism: Alex Callinicos,  John Rees, Chris Harman, Mike Haynes - Rules for Radicals: Saul D.  Alinsky - A People's History of the United States: Howard Zinn - The  Lorax: Dr. Seuss - East Los Angeles, History of a Barrio: Richard  Romo - Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions Since World  War II: William Blum - Race for Justice, Mumia Abu-Jamal's Fight  Against The Death Penalty: Leonard Weinglass - Guerilla Warfare:  Che Guevera - Zapata of Mexico: Peter E. Newell - Malcolm X Speaks,  Selected Speeches and Statements: George Breitman - Marxism and the  Press, Oppression of Women, Toward a Unitary Theory: Lise Vogel -  Inevitable Revolutions, The United States in Central America: Walter  LaFeber - The Chomsky Reader: James Peck, Editor - Chicano Politics,  Reality and Promise 1940-1990: Juan Gomez Quinones - The Wretched of  the Earth: Franz Fanon - What is Communist Anarchism?: Alexander  Berkman - Soledad Brother, The Prison Letters of George Jackson:  George Jackson - Fidel and Religion, Conversations With Frei Beuo:  Frei Betto - Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American  Slave: Frederick Douglass - Democracy is in the Streets: James  Miller - Capital, Volume One: Karl Marx -The Black Panthers Speak:  Philip S. Foner, Editor - Keeping The Rabble in line, Interviews  with David Barsamian: Noam Chomsky - Walden and Civil Disobedience:  Henry David Thoreau - Darkness at Noon: Arthur Koester - The Culture  of Narcissism, American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations:  Christopher Lasch - Play it as it Lays: Joan Didion - The State and  Revolution: V.I. Lenin - Soul on Ice: Eldridge Cleaver - Kwame  Nkrumah, The Conarky Years, His Life and Letters: Compiled by June  Milne - Revolutionary Suicide: Huey P. Newton - The Anarchist  Cookbook: William Powell - Manufacturing Consent, The Political  Economy of the Mass Media: Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky -  Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man: James Joyce - Another Country:  James Baldwin - The Grapes of Wrath: John Steinbeck - The Armies of  the Night: Norman Mailer -Invisible Man: Ralph Ellison - Rebellion  from the Roots, Indian Uprising in Chiapas: John Ross - First World  Ha! Ha! Ha! The Zapatista challenge: Elaine Katzenberger, Editor -  The Teachings of Don Juan, A Yaqui Way of Knowledge: Carlos   Castaneda - Tropic of Cancer: Henry Miller - Johnny Got his Gun:  Dalton Trumbo - Essays in Existentialism: Jean-Paul Sartre - How  Real is Real? Confusion, Disinformation, Communication: Paul  Watzlawick - Ghost of a Chance: William S.Burroughs - Popism, The  Warhol Sixties: Andy Warhol & Pat Hackett - Chicana Falsa and  Other Stories of Death, Identity, and Oxnard: Michele M. Serros -  Promissory Notes: Women in the Transition to Socialism: Sonia Kruks,  Ranya Rapp, Marilyn B. Young, Editors - Gay New York: Gender, Urban  Culture, and the Making of a Gay World: George Chauncey - This  Bridge Called my Back: Writings by radical women of color: Cherrie  Monzaga, Gloria Anzaluda, Editors - Miles, the Autobiography: Miles  Davis - The Sixties Papers, Documents of a Rebellious Decade:  Judith Clavir Albert and Stewart Edward Albert - The Graphic Work:  M. C. Escher - The Anarchist Cookbook: William Powell - Bob Marley  Spirit Dancer: Bruce W. Talamon - Dali, The Paintings: Benedikt  Taschen, Robert Taschen.   » Signaler ce commentaire à l'administrateur » Répondre à ce commentaire   Posté par Peter 09-05-2008,   Significations des paroles Evil Empire    [7-2-1] "People of the Sun"    [7-2-1-1] "Since 1516, minds attacked and overseen"    1516, the year that the Spaniards took hold in Central America and  began their systematic destruction of the indigenous culture and  religion. They did not leave until several hundred years later.    [7-2-1-2] "Blood drenched, get offensive like Tet"    Tet is the Vietnamese New Year. During the Vietnam War, US military  officials decided to give the troops a rest, figuring that the  North Vietnamese would be celebrating the holiday. They were wrong,  and the North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong took that opportunity to  attack 22 major U.S installations. This is what is now known as   the Tet offensive. The U.S. beat back all of the attacks, but a   physical victory was never the goal of the VC and NVA. Their   goal, which was met, was to turn US public opinion against the war.   This was due in a large part to the fact that US journalists got   caught in some close quarters fighting and had plenty to say about   the ordeal. The film "Full Metal Jacket" by Stanley Kubrick has   an excellent account of this series of battles (though it is not   the focus of the movie).    [7-2-1-3] "When the fifth sun sets, get back, reclaim"    The Aztecs believed that 4 worlds existed before the present  universe (worlds = suns). Each one was ruled by a different god of  a different element, and we are currently in the fifth sun.    [7-2-1-4] "Spirit of Cuahtemoc, alive and untamed"    Cuahtemoc was the leader of the Aztec empire during the Spanish siege  of Technochtitlan, in 1521. After the city's fall, he was captured,  deceived, tortured, and killed by the Spaniards. This lyric does  NOT refer to the mayor of Mexico City, Cuahtemoc Cardenas. This man  was simply named after the Aztec leader.    [7-2-1-5] "I'm the Marlboro man"    Marlboro brand cigarettes, whose primary advertising technique is a  handsome cowboy on the range smoking a cigarette. He is known as  the Marlboro Man. The original Marlboro Man recently died of lung  cancer.    [7-2-1-6] "City of Angels does tha ethnic cleanse"    Nickname for Los Angeles, California. California's Proposition  187's goal was to eliminate and deny all federal assistance to  anyone not able to prove residency, primarily immigrant Latinos.    [7-2-2] "Bulls on Parade"    [7-2-2-2] "Either drop the hits like De la O..."    De la O was a dynamite/explosives expert who was a great asset to  Emiliano Zapata in the Mexican war for Independence. Some notable  actions were blowing up trains and making a particularly critical  arms cache accessible to the rebels at one point in the conflict.    [7-2-2-2] "...or get tha fuck off tha commode"    A "commode" is a euphemism for a toilet in the United States.    [7-2-2-3] "That five sided fist-a-gon"    A twisting of the name Pentagon. The Pentagon is in Washington,  D.C., and is the headquarters of the Department of Defense of the  United States. The "fist" indicates the force often exercised by  the military.    [7-2-3] "Vietnow"    [7-2-3-1] Introduction (Rather subjective. By the author.)    This song is one huge reference to the extremely popular, and  extremely right-wing, radio shows hosted by such people as Rush  Limbaugh, Watergate burglar G. Gordon Liddy, and son of Ronald  Reagan, Michael Reagan. They all put forth similar reactionary  agendas over the US airwaves.    [7-2-3-2] "Crosses and kerosene"    See section [7-1-2-1].    [7-2-3-3] "The same one that ran around Managua wit a sword"    During the Iran-Contra affair in the mid 1980's, Oliver North  (see [7-2-3-4]) and company funded the counterrevolutionaries in  Nicaragua, based in Managua.    [7-2-3-4] "Check out tha new style that Ollie found"    Oliver North, whose conviction in the Iran-Contra scandal of the  1980's was overturned on a technicality, now hosts an extremely  right-wing radio talk show and has run for Senate.    [7-2-3-5] "Comin' down like bats from Stacy Coon"    Former Los Angeles Police Department Sgt. Stacey Coon was one of the  four LAPD policemen videotaped beating black motorist Rodney King in  the early 90's. He was the only one to be convicted. The 1992 LA  riots followed the trial (and acquittals).    [7-2-4] "Tire Me"    [7-2-4-1] "Colorful words for the Laos frontiersmen"     The "Laos Frontiersmen" are the Hmong tribe from Laos, which the CIA  used and then set about to destroy once their objectives were  achieved. The CIA used the Hmong region as a big airstrip in which  to drop supplies for the Hmong rebels. When the helicopters and  aircraft left Laos to return from whence they came, they carried  poppies and refined heroin to other regions where they were able to  sell it, thus funding their covert operations.    [7-2-4-2] "I wanna be Jackie Onassis"    Jackie Onassis was the wife of assassinated US President John F.  Kennedy and, later, Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis. She was  the symbol of glamour and "good" for many people of her generation.  Zack gets this lyric from the Boston band Human Sexual Response, who  had a song called "Jackie Onassis."    [7-2-5] "Down Rodeo"    [7-2-5-1] "Funk tha track my verbs fly like tha family stone"    Sly and the Family Stone, a funk band from the 1960's and '70's.  They were critically important influences toward the development of  rap as a musical style, as well as the establishment of funk itself.    [7-2-5-2] "Rollin' down Rodeo with a shotgun"    Rodeo Drive, in Beverly Hills, California is one of the most  expensive streets in the world, where retailers sell such things as  three thousand dollar purses. The stereotype of Rodeo Drive's  patronage is that it is predominately white and wealthy.     [7-2-5-3] "Plead the Fifth 'cause you can't plead the first"    In the US Constitution, the 5th Amendment gives trial witnesses the  right to refuse to testify on the grounds that what they say might  incriminate themselves. The 1st Amendment to the US Constitution  guarantees the right to free speech, assembly, and press.    [7-2-5-4] "My man Fred Hampton"    A member of the militant Black Panthers, Hampton was a 20-year-old  Illinois state leader. He was gunned down in his bed with fellow  Panther Mark Clarke in an early morning raid of the group's Chicago  headquarters on Dec. 4, 1969. The attack, aided by the help of an  informant/spy, was masterminded by the city's police force and the  FBI's powerful counterintelligence program (COINTEL-PRO).    [7-2-5-5] "Fuck tha G ride"    A "G-ride" is a euphemism for a fashionable car, especially in  hip-hop culture.     [7-2-5-6] "We hungry but them belly full"    This line is a quote, from Bob Marley's "Them Belly Full  (But We Hungry)."    [7-2-6] "Without a Face"    [7-2-6-1] "Jack for Similac, fuck a Cadillac"    To "jack" is to get something through whatever means necessary.   Similac is a popular brand of baby formula, sold in powdered form   (just add water). A Cadillac is a luxury car, made by Chevrolet,   and only affordable to the wealthy.    [7-2-6-2] "'Por Vida'"    "For Life," literally, in Spanish, "Por Vida" is a  phrase used most often in a cultural manner, as in "La Raza Por  Vida," which means, roughly, "the Latino race and culture for life."    [7-2-6-3] "Mais [maize], was all we needed to sustain"    Maize is the strain of corn grown in most of South America. "Mais"  is also the Spanish word for corn in general.    [7-2-6-4] "Ya down with DDT"    DDT is a banned pesticide, widely used prior to the "discovery" that  it is a class-A carcinogen (cancer-causing agent). The wipeout of  hundreds of species can be attributed to its use, which still occurs  in less developed regions such as Central and South America. It was  recently internationally banned, but use continues where options are  not viable. The phrase as a whole is a play on the hit song   "O.P.P.", by Naughty by Nature. The chorus was "Ya down with O.P.P.,   yeah you know me."    [7-2-6-5] "Path is Luminoso"    "Sendero Luminoso" means "Shining Path" in Spanish and is the name  of one of the leftist revolutionary guerilla groups in Peru. It was  close to capturing the country at one time, but was put down by the  new US-backed Peruvian government under Alberto Fujimori. It is  treated as a terrorist organization instead of a political party by  the governments of most countries.    [7-2-6-6] "Headin' north like my name was Kid Cisco"    The Cisco Kid is a fictional Latino who, with his sidekick Poncho,  was a cowboy in a series of old American western movies.    [7-2-6-7] "Wilson's hand around my throat"    Pete Wilson, Republican ex-governor of California, campaigned almost  entirely on an anti-immigration platform and was a leading proponent  of such measures as Proposition 187, which aimed to cut all benefits  to illegal immigrants. Prop 187 was eventually struck down by   California courts as unconstitutional.    [7-2-6-8] "Another SS curtain call"    The Schutzstaffel, known as the SS, was the secret police for the  Nazi political party and Hitler's personal guard when he came to  power in the 30's through to Germany's defeat in World War II.    [7-2-7] "Wind Below"    [7-2-7-1] The "Wind Below"    The "Wind Below" refers to a book called _Chiapas: The Southeast in  Two Winds a Storm and a Prophecy_, by Subcommandante Marcos. Marcos  is the unofficial spokesperson of the EZLN in Mexico and the second  section of the book is entitled "The Second Wind: The Wind From  Below." The line "We in wit tha wind below," is a reference to the  whole of the Zapatista movement itself.    [7-2-7-2] "NAFTA comin' with tha new disaster"    The North American Free Trade Agreement, which was hotly contested  in the United States political scene, allows for free trade between  Canada, the US, and Mexico. Opponents of the proposal said US   businesses would ship all their manufacturing to Mexico because   of the virtual slave labor available there, and it is one of the  primary programs known as "Neo-liberalism" and regarded as a new  form of US imperialism.    [7-2-7-3] "Tha Plan de Ayala's kin"    The Plan de Ayala was a plan made by Emiliano Zapata prior to the  Chiapas rebellion. Its main idea was to give land to the  landworkers. The slogan of the plan is "Tierra y Libertad" (Land and  Freedom).    [7-2-7-3] "IMF shifts and poison lips"    The IMF is the Internation Monetary Fund, which is associated with  the World Bank and the United Nations and controls much capital  around the world. It is reported that the IMF has sent military  equipment, weapons and the like to the Chiapas area to assist the  Mexican army in fighting the Zapatistas (see Section [6-1]).    [7-2-7-3] "Tha fincas overseers"    In the jungles of Mexico, a finca is a form of ranch house or a  plantation-style farm, where the workers are essentially slaves to  the owners of the land. The meaning of this word has shifted quite  a bit, and now can also be considered just a big house as well as  the more traditional plantation meaning.    [7-2-7-4] "She is Chol, Tzotzil, Tojolobal, Tzeltal"    Indigenous Central American Mayan tribes, nearly wiped out during  the Spanish invasion 500 years ago, and relegated to second-class   status in Mexican society ever since.    [7-2-7-5] "Ejidos and Ovaries"    An "ejido" is a communal farm formed when the "campesinos" in  Mexico, especially in the Chiapas region, take over a farm to form  a collective. Basically, it is a Mexican communal farm owned by no  one and worked by everyone.    [7-2-7-5] "GE... NBC... Disney... ABC..."    Major multinational American corporations and broadcasting  conglomerates. GE owns NBC (among many, many other things), and  Disney owns ABC (also among many, many other things). The Disney  merger likely happened after the lyrics were written, and is  therefore an interesting coincidence. GE has owned NBC for years.  See Section [1-5] for information regarding the censorship of Rage  Against the Machine by NBC on their program "Saturday Night Live."    [7-2-8] "Roll Right"    [7-2-8-1] "Shock ya like Ellison"    Ralph Ellison wrote "Invisible Man," in 1952. A fictional account  of a black man in a white world, it is now regarded as a classic and  widely read in the US school system. In its time it caused a great  disruption because of the harsh truthfulness and the power of  Ellison's prose.    [7-2-8-2] "Gaza to Tiananmen"    The Gaza Strip is a narrow band of desertlike land along the western  Mediterranean coast. It has been fought over by Israelites and  Palestinians for many years and is a continuing territorial dispute.  Tiananmen Square, in Beijing, China, was the site of a massacre of  demonstrating pro-democracy students in June of 1989.    [7-2-8-3] "Sickest stilo"    "Sick" is a word used to mean "cool" or "good" in the hip-hop  culture. "Stilo" is Spanish for "style."    [7-2-8-4] "Take 'em to, the 7th level"    The 7th level (sphere) of hell, as according to Dante's Inferno. It  was reserved for the warmakers and usurers.    [7-2-9] "Year of tha Boomerang"    [7-2-9-1] The "Year of the Boomerang"    See Section [7-2-9-3].    [7-2-9-2] "Dark now in Dachau"    Dachau was a Nazi-run concentration camp in World War II. It was the  primary site for the grotesque medical experiments performed on  prisoner Jews, twins, Gypsies, and so on.    [7-2-9-3] "Grip tha cannon like Fanon"    Frantz Fanon wrote such works as Wretched of the Earth, wherein he  denounced the third-world colonization practiced by prosperous  nations. One of Fanon's most famous speeches was called the "Year  of the Boomerang." In the speech he talked about the oppressor's  force boomeranging back to destroy him in the form of colonial  revolutions. He was referring to the Algerian War, specifically.    [7-2-9-4] "Goin' out heavy sorta like Mount Tai"    Mount Tai, or Tai Shan, is part of the Tien Shan mountain range. It  is the section that lies in China near the village where the ancient  Chinese philosopher Confucius was born. It is 5000 ft. (1,500 m.)  high. In the "Little Red Book" of quotations of Chairman Mao  Tse-Tung, Mao utilizes an ancient Chinese proverb to say that to  die for the people is "as heavy as Mount Tai" and to die for the  imperialists is "as light as a feather." This is in the section of  the book titled "Serving The People."   » Signaler ce commentaire à l'administrateur » Répondre à ce commentaire   Posté par R1 14-05-2008,   Chapeau bas ! Chapeau bas pour cette chronique Peter ! Très bien documenté, j'ai appris beaucoup de choses ! Merci!   » Signaler ce commentaire à l'administrateur » Répondre à ce commentaire » Voir les 3 réponse(s)

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